Electronic Tube
John Napier invents an ingenious system of movable rods. These were based on logarithms and allowed the operator to multiply, divide, and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around.
Calculating clock
Wilhelm Schickard of Tübingen, Württemberg (now in Germany), built the first discrete automatic calculator,
and thus essentially started the computer era. His device was called the "Calculating Clock".
Pascaline
French mathematician Blaise Pascal built a mechanical adding machine called the "Pascaline."
Despite being more limited than Schickard's Calculating Clock, Pascal's machine became more well known.
Non-Decimal Adding
Sir Samuel Morland, of England, produces a non-decimal adding machine, suitable for use with english money.
Instead of a carry mechanism, it registers carries on auxiliary dials, from which the user must re-enter them as addends.
Binary Number System
Gottfried Leibniz, German mathematician, refined the binary number system wich is used in all modern machines.
First Multiplier
Giovanni Poleni builds the first multiplier which uses the principle of driver with a variable number of teeth.
Mech. Calculator
Jewna Jakobson invented a mechanical caluclating machine. One copy of the machine has been preserved and can be seen at the Lomonosov Museum of Science in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Portable Calculator
Philip Matthaeus Hahn makes a successful portable calculator able to perform all four mathematical operations.
Difference Engine
J.H. Mueller envisions a "difference engine" but could not find funding to build the device.
Jacquard Loom
The Jacquard Loom was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard and was made to punch holes into
pasteboard punch cards to control the weaving of patterns in fabric.
Calculating Machine
Invention of a calculating machine for four operations and exacting roots by Abraham Izrael Stern.
Calc. Machine
Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar invents the first calculating machine which was later mass produced.
Calc. Machine
Charles Babbage designed his first mechanical computer, the first prototype of the decimal difference engine for tabulating polynomials.
Electromagnetic
Joseph Henry's work on the electromagnetic relay would be the basis for the electrical telegraph.
Square Root Machine
Beginning of work on the arithmetic machine for four operations and a square root developed by Izrael Abraham Staffel.
Multiplying Machine
Invention of a machine that could multiply my Chaim Zelig Slonimski.
Arithmometer
Willgodt Odhner constructed a mechanical arithmometer that has been produced in significant quantities.
Integraph
Bruno Abdank-Abakanowicz invents the Integraph. the integraph is a noteworthy development in the history of calculation instruments.
Calculating Machine
P.L. Chebyshev improves his calculating machine for four arithmetic operations.
IEE
British Institute of Electrical Engineers is created, later called IEE.
Printing Summation
William S. Burroughs obtains patent for his summation machine that can print results.
Punch cards
Herman Hollerith was the first to develop a mechanical tabulator based on punch cards to rapidly tabulate vast amounts of data.
Electronic Tube
Electronic tube, or Electronic Valve, was developed by Lee De Forest. before this invention it would have been impossible to make digital electronic computers.
Flip-Flop Circuit
William Henry Eccles and F.w. Jordan publish the first flip-flop circuit design.
Polish Notation
The Polish Notation is a principle of writing mathematical expressions in an operator-first manner, while traditional notation involves placing an operator between arguments.
Transistor Invented
The first patents for the transistor principle were registered in Germany in 1928 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
Difference Engine
Vannevar Bush Builds a partly electronic Difference Engine capable of solving differential equations.
Digital Counter
Welsh physicist Charles E. Wynn-Williams, at Cambridge, England, uses thyratron tubes to construct a binary digital counter for use in connection with physics experiments.
Enigma Decoded
27-year-old Polish mathematician, Marian Rejewski, who had joined the Polish Cipher Bureau in September that year, made on of the most important breakthroughs in cryptologic history by using algebreic mathematical techniques.
Turing Machine
Alan Turing invented his concept of an automation later named the Turing machine.
Binary Computer
Zuse and Scheyer worked together to develop and build the worlds first binary digital computer.
ENIAC
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was the first large-scale, electronic, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE)
Formation of the Subcommittee on large-scale computing of the AIEE, which will later become the IEEE Computer Society.
Monte Carlo Method
Stanislaw Marcin Ulam invented the Monte Carlo Method. This method is a statistical trial and error technique for solving complex problems that are otherwise intractable using analytical deterministic techniques.
SSEC
IBM finishes the SSEC (Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator). It is the first computer to modify a stored program.
Point-Contact Trans.
William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain succeeded in building the first practical point-contact transistor at Bell Labs.
Magnetic Core Memory
Magnetic Core memory is an early form of computer memory. It uses polarity of the magnetic field to store information.
GAM
GAM (Group for Mathematical Apparatus) established at the Mathematical Institute of the Polish Academy.
EMAL
Work begins on the first Polish electronic computer EMAL (completed in 1955).
Flip-Flop
First article on computing published outside Poland (Z. Pawlak on Flip-Flop as a Random Digit Generator, MTAC).
Electronic Mach.
Two electronic machines are successfully completed in Warsaw. XYZ built by a group led by L. Lukaszewicz and Z. Sawicki and BINEG-2 (implemented in minus-2 logic) built by Z. Pawlak and A. Lazarkiewicz.
SAKO
Work begins in Warsaw on ZAM-2 and UMC-1, the first two Polish industrial scale computers. Leon Lukaszewicz and coworkers develop an automatic programming system SAKO.
UNIX
UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT.
Moore's Law
Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, made a prediction that the transistor density of semiconductor chips would double roughly every 18 months.
Microprocessor
TI filed for a patent on the microprocessor. Gary Boone was awarded a U.S. Patent for the single-chip microprocessor architecture.
Rough Set
Rough Set theory deals with uncertainty and decision making under circumstances with insufficient information, so it is applicable to all kinds of environments and has been used in a wide spectrum of applications.
Linux
Richard Stallman founded the GNU Project to develop a Unix-like operating system with entirely free software.